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What is a FICO® Score?

A FICO® Score is a credit score, which is a number that summarizes an individual’s credit risk, based on a snapshot of their credit report at a particular point in time. It helps lenders and others predict how likely people are to make their credit payments on time. It affects whether they can get credit and how much they pay for credit cards, auto loans, mortgages and other types of credit.

All FICO® Score Model Types

Did you know there are many types and versions of FICO® Scores?

Why are there many FICO® Score models and versions?
Since FICO® Scores were introduced to lenders over 25 years ago, they have become the best-known and most widely used credit score. But quite a bit has changed since lenders first started using FICO® Scores in 1989. Lender credit-granting requirements, data reporting practices, consumer demand for credit, and consumer use of credit have all evolved.

Helping Lenders make informed credit decisions
The FICO® Score model has been updated periodically to keep up with evolving trends in consumer behavior. For example, consumers use credit much more frequently than they did in the past. To help lenders make more informed credit-granting decisions and to help ensure consumers get access to the credit they need, FICO® Scores have been updated to reflect changes in behavior. If the scoring models didn't adapt, seemingly normal credit usage today would be considered higher risk than in years past. The result is that there are multiple FICO® Score versions available, and the most widely used version, FICO® Score 8.
What's the difference between base FICO® Scores and industry-specific FICO® Scores?
Base FICO® Scores, such as FICO® Score 8, are designed to predict the likelihood of not paying as agreed in the future on any credit obligation, whether it's a mortgage, credit card, student loan, or other credit product. Industry-specific FICO® Scores incorporate the predictive power of base FICO® Scores while also providing lenders a further-refined credit risk assessment tailored to the type of credit the consumer is seeking. For example, auto lenders and credit card issuers may use an FICO® Auto Score or a FICO® Bankcard Score instead of base FICO® Scores.

FICO® Auto Scores and FICO® Bankcard Scores have these aspects in common: Many lenders may use these scores instead of the base FICO® Score. It is up to each lender to determine which credit score they will use and what other financial information they will consider in their credit review process. The versions range from 250-900 (compared to 300-850 for base FICO® Scores), and higher scores continue to equate to lower risk.
Which FICO® Score version is important to me?
Consider these guidelines:

Financing a new car? You will likely want to know your FICO® Auto Scores, the industry-specific scores used in most auto financing-related credit evaluations.

Applying for a credit card? You will likely want to know your FICO® Bankcard Scores or FICO® Score 8, the score versions used by many credit card issuers.

Purchasing a home or refinancing an existing mortgage? You will likely want to know the base FICO® Score versions previous to FICO® Score 8, as these are the scores used in most mortgage-related credit evaluations. For other types of credit, such as personal loans, student loans, and retail credit, you'll likely want to know your FICO® Score 8, the most widely used score by lenders.

What makes up a FICO® Score?

FICO® Score Criteria

What factors determine a FICO® Score? Click through the chart to discover the primary determinants of a FICO® Score.

FICO® Score factor pie chart with labels

Payment History

Have your clients paid their credit accounts on time? Late payments, bankruptcies, and other negative items can hurt their FICO® Scores, while a solid record of on-time payments helps their scores.
Payment history portion of FICO® Score factor pie chart model

How much you owe—approximately 30% of a FICO® Score

FICO® Scores look at the amounts you owe on all your accounts, the number of accounts with balances and how much of your available credit you are using.
Amount owed portion of FICO® Score factor pie chart model

Length of credit history—approximately 15% of a FICO® Score

A longer credit history will generally increase your score. However, you can get a good score with a short credit history if the rest of your credit report shows responsible credit management.
Length of credit history portion of FICO® Score factor pie chart model

New credit—approximately 10% of a FICO® Score

If you have recently applied for or opened new credit accounts, your credit score will weigh this fact against the rest of your credit history. Seeking or opening multiple accounts in a short period of time can be considered more risky and have a negative impact on your score
new credit inquiries portion of FICO® Score factor pie chart model

Other factors—approximately 10% of a FICO® Score

Several minor factors also can influence your score. For example, having a mix of credit types on your credit report—credit cards, installment loans and personal lines of credit—can add slightly to your score.
credit mix portion of FICO® Score factor pie chart model
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Industry Benchmark
Conversations
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Monitoring
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Advanced
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Conversations
Comments export
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FICO® Score Versions

Data on the Reports
Equifax
TransUnion
Most Widely Used Versions
FICO® Score 9
FICO® Score 8
FICO® Score 9
FICO® Score 8
Versions Used in Auto Lending
FICO® Auto Score 9
FICO® Auto Score 8
FICO® Auto Score 5
FICO® Auto Score 9
FICO® Auto Score 8
FICO® Auto Score 4
Versions used in credit card decisioning
FICO® Bankcard Score 9
FICO® Bankcard Score 8
FICO® Bankcard Score 5
FICO® Bankcard Score 9
FICO® Bankcard Score 8
FICO® Bankcard Score 4
Newly released versions
FICO® Score 10
FICO® Auto Score 10
FICO® Bankcard Score 10
FICO® Score 10T
FICO® Score 10
FICO® Auto Score 10
FICO® Bankcard Score 10
FICO® Score 10T

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